Multiple magma degassing sources at an explosive volcano

Flux measurements of explosive degassing using a yearlong hydroacoustic record at an erupting submarine volcano

[1] The output of gas and tephra from volcanoes is an inherently disorganized process that makes reliable flux estimates challenging to obtain. Continuous monitoring of gas flux has been achieved in only a few instances at subaerial volcanoes, but never for submarine volcanoes. Here we use the first sustained (yearlong) hydroacoustic monitoring of an erupting submarine volcano (NW Rota-1, Maria...

Long-term explosive degassing and debris flow activity at West Mata submarine volcano

WestMata is a 1200mdeep submarine volcano where explosive boninite eruptions were observed in 2009. The acoustic signatures from the volcano’s summit eruptive vents Hades and Prometheus were recorded with an in situ (~25m range) hydrophone during ROV dives in May 2009 and with local (~5 km range) moored hydrophones between December 2009 and August 2011. The sensors recorded low frequency (1–40 ...

Deep magma transport at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

The shallow part of Kilauea’s magma system is conceptually well-understood. Long-period and short-period (brittle-failure) earthquake swarms outline a near-vertical magma transport path beneath Kilauea’s summit to 20 km depth. A gravity high centered above the magma transport path demonstrates that Kilauea’s shallow magma system, established early in the volcano’s history, has remained fixed in...

Dynamics of explosive degassing of magma Observations of fragmenting twophase flows

Liquid explosions, generated by rapid egassing of strongly supersaturated liquids, have been investigated in the laboratory with a view to understanding the basic physical laX•sses operating during bubble nucleation a d growth and the subsequent behavior fthe expanding two-phase flow. Experimenkq are carried out in a shock tube and ,me monitored by high-speed photography and pressure trm•sducer...

Magma fracturing and degassing associated with obsidian formation: The explosive–effusive transition